Seminar topics for Electronics, Electronics and Communication ECE

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Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Voice Recognition and Nettalk

Electronics and Communication Seminar Topic on "Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Voice Recognition and Nettalk." A neural network is a processing device, either an algorithm, or actual hardware, whose design was motivated by the design and functioning of human brains and components thereof. The abilities of different networks can be related to their structure, dynamics and learning methods. There are many different types of Neural Networks, each of which has different strengths particular to their applications.

• Voice Recognition - Transcribing spoken words into ASCII text
• Image Compression - Because neural networks can accept a vast array of input at once, and process it quickly, they are useful in image compression
• Medical Diagnosis - Assisting doctors with their diagnosis by analyzing the reported symptoms and/or image data such as MRIs or X-rays
• Process Modeling and Control - Creating a neural network model for a physical plant then using that model to determine the best control settings for the plant
• Targeted Marketing - Finding the set of demographics, which have the highest response rate for a particular marketing campaign
• Financial forecasting - Using the historical data of a security to predict the future movement of that security

NETTALK is used to generate synthetic speech,developed by Terry Sejnowski and Charles Rosenberg. The data ârepresentation scheme employed allows a temporal pattern sequence to be represented spatially NETTALK Data Representation

Monitoring Respiration and Cardiac Activity Using Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Sensor

ECE Seminar on Monitoring Respiration and Cardiac Activity Using Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Sensor. The device consists of a Bragg grating inscribed into a single mode optical fiber and operating on a wavelength of around 1550 nm. The ber Bragg grating (FBG) is mounted inside a pneumatic cushion to be placed between the backrest of the seat and the back of the monitored person. Vibrations, i.e., dynamic strains transferred to the FBGs involve changes of the instantaneous Bragg wavelength values (proportional to the vibrations). Their detection with the interrogation system (with proper resolution and dynamic characteristics) provides information on breathing activity and heart rate.

FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS (FBGS)

• Fiber Bragg grating is a periodic perturbation of the effective refractive index in the core of an optical fiber
• Typically, the perturbation is approximately periodic over a certain length of e.g. a few millimeters or centimeters, and the period is of the order of hundreds of nanometers, or much longer for long-period fiber gratings
• When incident light, I, is launched down the fiber, each plate reflects part of the light beam. Thus, the FBG acts as a stop-band filter
• The reflected beams from each of the plates destructively interfere with each other unless the beams are all in phase
• This only occurs only at one wavelength, the Bragg wavelength (central wavelength)
• The application of strain, pressure, or temperature to an FBG causes a shift in the Bragg wavelength

Optical Coherence Tomography - Signal Processing and Algorithm

Electronics and Communication Seminar Topic on "Optical Coherence Tomography - Signal Processing and Algorithm".

·         What is OCT?

• Medical imaging modality with 1-10  m resolutions and 1-2 mm penetration depths
• High-resolution, sub-surface non-invasive or minimally invasive internal body imaging technique for structural and quantitative imaging
• Signal processing intensive suited for embedded implementations using digital signal processors (DSP) and system-on-chip (SoC) application processors
• Performance given in cycles per scanline and total number of scanlines that can be processed per second
• Enables cross-sectional imaging of tissue micro structure in situation and in real time

Optical Coherence Tomography is based on the principle of low coherence interferometry by stacking the axial scans in X and/or Y directions, two or three dimensional imaging. Imaging is performed by measuring the echo time delay and intensity of back-reflected or backscattered light. It is performed fiber-optically using delivery devices such as hand held probes, endoscopes, catheters, laparoscopes and needles. Measurements are performed using a Michelson interferometer with a low coherence length light source

Si Nano Wire Based Solar Cells

Electronics and Communication Seminar Topic on "Si Nano Wire Based Solar Cells". Solar Cell is a thin Si wafer of Size 10x10 cm ie size of a CD. Thickness is in fractions of mm metal pattern is to make electrical contacts. Solar Cells are Safe, Clean, Durable, Reliable, Quiet and Installable anywhere. Planar Silicon Solar Cells have thickness for an efficient light absorption. It also has High purity to avoid recombining, High Reflectance and High Recombination Rate. Si Nano Wire Based Solar Cells have diameters from 1 to 50nm. Nano scale Silicon has a color difference. Nano sized Silicon shows Physical properties, Optical properties, Electronics properties change and Electrons occupy different energy levels.

Seminar on Perspectives of Nanotechnology for Rf And Terahertz Electronics

ECE Seminar on Perspectives Of Nanotechnology For Rf And Terahertz Electronics. Matter or structures at dimensions below 100 nm down to atomic dimensions of the order of 1 nm is called nano or nano scale matter. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nano RF or terahertz devices.

APPLICATIONS OF CNT

• CNTs are used for CNT network transistors
• CNTs are also used in nano mechanics and its applications based on their mechanical behavior
• Used as nano antennas for RF application, nano switched DRAM cells, and nano sensors
• They are excellent electrical conductors and could be used in nano scale electronic devices
• A carbon nano tube eld-eect transistor (CNTFET)
• CNTCFT refers to an eld-eect transistor that utilizes a single carbon nano tube or an array of carbon nanotubes as the channel material instead of bulk silicon in the traditional MOSFET structure
• First demonstrated in 1998, there have been major developments in CNTFETs

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