Saturday, August 31, 2013

Door Access System Based on RFID- Electronics Engineering Project



The access control is via a card, a matching card reader and a control panel interfaced to the server. We use proximity cards with unique identification numbers integrated into it. Card reader reads data and sends it to control section, which is a micro controller. The controller checks the validity of data with server, which has a database. The server is pre-loaded with the data about the card-holder for a given number.
The control section checks whether the person is allowed to enter a particular door or not. If the authentication is successful, then the person is allowed access to the particular entrance.
The permission in a given entrance can also be as per the person’s designation. The access control is employed at this point when a person of a particular designation is not supposed to be allowed in a given entrance.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM



Radio frequency (RF) refers to electromagnetic waves that have a wavelength suited for use in radio communication. Radio waves are classified by their frequencies, which are expressed in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz. Radio frequencies range from very low frequency (VLF), which has a range of 10 to 30 kHz, to extremely high frequency, which has a range of 30 to 300 GHz.
RF-ID is a flexible technology that is convenient, easy to use, and well suited for automatic operation. It combines advantages not available with other identification technologies. RF-ID can be supplied as read-only or read / write, does not require contact or line-of-sight to operate, can function under a variety of environmental conditions, and provides a high level of data integrity. In addition, because the technology is difficult to counterfeit, RF-ID provides a high level of security.
RF-ID is similar in concept to bar coding. Bar code systems use a reader and coded labels that are attached to an item, whereas RF-ID uses a reader and special RF-ID devices that are attached to an item. Bar code uses optical signals to transfer information from the label to the reader; RF-ID uses RF signals to transfer information from the RF-ID device to the reader.
Radio waves transfer data between an item to which an RF-ID device is attached and an RF-ID reader. The device can contain data about the item, such as what the item is, what time the device traveled through a certain zone, perhaps even a parameter such as temperature. RF-ID devices, such as a tag or label, can be attached to virtually anything – from a vehicle to a pallet of merchandise.
RF-ID technology uses frequencies within the range of 50 kHz to 2.5 GHz. An RF-ID system typically includes the following components:
• An RF-ID device (transponder or tag) that contains data about an item
• An antenna used to transmit the RF signals between the reader and the RF-ID device
• An RF transceiver that generates the RF signals
• A reader that receives RF transmissions from an RF-ID device and passes the data to a host system for processing


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